A very gradual suppression: A history of Turkish opium controls, 1933-1974

Article


Windle, J. 2014. A very gradual suppression: A history of Turkish opium controls, 1933-1974. European Journal of Criminology. 11 (2), pp. 195-212.
AuthorsWindle, J.
Abstract

Before 1974 controls over Turkey's opium production were ineffective and provided opportunities for
large-scale diversion, making it one of the world's largest sources of illicit opium. The state monopoly
was limited by a lack of authority over opium producing areas, laissez faire controls and poor state
procurement practices. Policies administered between 1933 and 1971 did, however, represent a period
of organisational learning which led to the establishment of a highly successful drug control policy. A
secondary finding of this paper, revealed whilst analysing diversion estimates, suggests that there may
be inaccuracies in assumptions of geographical displacement from Turkey. While these assumptions
have been reproduced in much of the literature, the data suggests that the Turkish opium ban of 1971
had either minimal impact on global, or regional production levels, or that displacement occurred
during the 1960s rather than the mid-1970.

JournalEuropean Journal of Criminology
Journal citation11 (2), pp. 195-212
ISSN1741-2609
1477-3708
Year2014
PublisherSAGE Publications
Accepted author manuscript
License
CC BY
Web address (URL)http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370813494818
Publication dates
Print19 Feb 2014
Publication process dates
Deposited15 Jul 2015
Accepted22 Jul 2013
Copyright information© 2014 The author
Permalink -

https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/85qq3

Download files

  • 118
    total views
  • 1124
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 49
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Security trumps drug control: How securitization explains drug policy paradoxes in Thailand and Vietnam
Windle, J. 2016. Security trumps drug control: How securitization explains drug policy paradoxes in Thailand and Vietnam. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 23 (4), pp. 344-354. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2016.1140720
Tuckers firm: a case study of British organised crime
Windle, J. 2013. Tuckers firm: a case study of British organised crime. Trends in Organized Crime. 16 (4), pp. 382-396.
How the East Influenced Drug Prohibition
Windle, J. 2013. How the East Influenced Drug Prohibition. The International History Review. 35 (5), pp. 1185-1199.
A Slow March from Social Evil to Harm Reduction: Drugs and Drug Policy in Vietnam
Windle, J. 2015. A Slow March from Social Evil to Harm Reduction: Drugs and Drug Policy in Vietnam. Journal of Drug Policy Analysis. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1515/jdpa-2015-0011
Preventing the diversion of Turkish opium
Windle, J. 2016. Preventing the diversion of Turkish opium. Security Journal. 29 (2), pp. 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2013.8
‘It’s like working away for two weeks’: The harms associated with young drug dealers commuting from a saturated London drug market
Windle, J. and Briggs, Daniel 2015. ‘It’s like working away for two weeks’: The harms associated with young drug dealers commuting from a saturated London drug market. Crime Prevention and Community Safety. 17 (2), pp. 105-119.
Popping the Balloon Effect: Assessing Drug Law Enforcement in Terms of Displacement, Diffusion, and the Containment Hypothesis
Windle, J. and Farrell, Graham 2012. Popping the Balloon Effect: Assessing Drug Law Enforcement in Terms of Displacement, Diffusion, and the Containment Hypothesis. Substance Use & Misuse. 47 (8-9), pp. 868-876.
The suppression of illicit opium production in Viet Nam: an introductory narrative
Windle, J. 2012. The suppression of illicit opium production in Viet Nam: an introductory narrative. Crime, Law and Social Change. 57 (4), pp. 425-439.
Harms caused by China's 1906–17 opium suppression intervention
Windle, J. 2013. Harms caused by China's 1906–17 opium suppression intervention. International Journal of Drug Policy. 24 (5), pp. 498-505.
Going solo: the social organisation of drug dealing within a London street gang
Windle, J. and Briggs, Daniel 2015. Going solo: the social organisation of drug dealing within a London street gang. Journal of Youth Studies. 18 (9), pp. 1170-1185.
Insights for Contemporary Drug Policy: A Historical Account of Opium Control in India and Pakistan
Windle, J. 2012. Insights for Contemporary Drug Policy: A Historical Account of Opium Control in India and Pakistan. Asian Journal of Criminology. 7 (1), pp. 55-74.
Afghanistan, Narcotics and the International Criminal Court: From Port of Spain to Kabul, via Rome.
Windle, J. 2012. Afghanistan, Narcotics and the International Criminal Court: From Port of Spain to Kabul, via Rome. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. 20 (3), pp. 297-314.
Ominous Parallels and Optimistic Differences: Opium in China and Afghanistan
Windle, J. 2011. Ominous Parallels and Optimistic Differences: Opium in China and Afghanistan. Law, Crime and History. 1 (2), pp. 141-164.
Poppies for Medicine in Afghanistan: Lessons from India and Turkey
Windle, J. 2011. Poppies for Medicine in Afghanistan: Lessons from India and Turkey. Journal of Asian and African Studies. 46 (6), pp. 663-677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909611417393